Project Homeland › Nations

White Earth Band of Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota

Lands ceded to the United States by treaty, law or executive order, 1795–1892, as Charles C. Royce recorded them in 1899 — 661,824 km² in 85 cessions across Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin.

A cession records when the United States took title — not the full extent of a homeland, and much land was taken without any treaty. The link between each cession and present-day nations is the one the U.S. Forest Service and the National NAGPRA Program’s dataset records; the nation’s own account comes first. Corrections: [email protected].

Named in the treaties as: Chippewa · Ottawa · Potawatomi · Wyandot · Shawnee · Delaware · Eel River · Kaskaskia

Royce 719, 1892Royce 706, 1889Royce 707, 1889Royce 708, 1889Royce 709, 1889Royce 710, 1889Royce 567, 1874Royce 568, 1874Royce 542, 1873Royce 549, 1873Royce 550, 1873Royce 507, 1867Royce 508, 1867Royce 509, 1867Royce 445, 1863Royce 446, 1863Royce 357, 1855Royce 358, 1855Royce 359, 1855Royce 360, 1855Royce 453, 1855Royce 454, 1855Royce 455, 1855Royce 456, 1855Royce 457, 1855Royce 332, 1854Royce 333, 1854Royce 334, 1854Royce 335, 1854Royce 336, 1854Royce 337, 1854Royce 338, 1854Royce 339, 1854Royce 340, 1854Royce 341, 1854Royce 342, 1854Royce 268, 1847Royce 269, 1847Royce 266, 1846Royce 261, 1842Royce 242, 1837Royce 205, 1836Royce 206, 1836Royce 207, 1836Royce 187, 1833Royce 265, 1833Royce 190, 1832Royce 148, 1829Royce 134, 1827Royce 189, 1827Royce 117, 1821Royce 188, 1821Royce 112, 1820Royce 113, 1820Royce 111, 1819Royce 87, 1817Royce 88, 1817Royce 77, 1816Royce 78, 1816Royce 78a, 1816Royce 147, 1816Royce 70, 1808Royce 66, 1807Royce 89, 1807Royce 90, 1807Royce 91, 1807Royce 53, 1805Royce 54, 1805Royce 11, 1795Royce 12, 1795Royce 13, 1795Royce 14, 1795Royce 15, 1795Royce 16, 1795Royce 17, 1795Royce 18, 1795Royce 19, 1795Royce 20, 1795Royce 21, 1795Royce 22, 1795Royce 23, 1795Royce 24, 1795Royce 25, 1795Royce 26, 1795Royce 27, 1795
17841894 See them on the Homeland map

Cessions

Royce no.DateAs the schedule names the partiesSources
11August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
12August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
13August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
14August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
15August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
16August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
17August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
18August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
19August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
20August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
21August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
22August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
23August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
24August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
25August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
26August 3, 1795; June 7, 1803 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
27August 3, 1795 Chippewa; Delaware; Eel River; Kaskaskia; Kickapoo; Miami; Ottawa; Piankishaw; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wea; Wyandot · with 38 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
53July 4, 1805 Chippewa; Delaware; Munsee; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wyandot · with 34 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
54July 4, 1805 Chippewa; Delaware; Munsee; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wyandot · with 34 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
66November 17, 1807 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Wyandot · with 30 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
89November 17, 1807; September 29, 1817 Chippewa; Delaware; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Seneka; Shawnee; Wyandot · with 36 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
90March 3, 1807; September 29, 1817 Chippewa; Delaware; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Seneka; Shawnee; Wyandot · with 36 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
91March 3, 1807; September 29, 1817 Chippewa; Delaware; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Seneka; Shawnee; Wyandot · with 36 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
70November 25, 1808 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Shawnee; Wyandot · with 32 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
77August 24, 1816 Chippewa; Ottowa; Potawatomi · with 21 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
78August 24, 1816 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
78aAugust 24, 1816 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
147August 24, 1816; July 29, 1829 Chippewa; Ottawa nations of the waters of the Illinois, Milwaukee, and Manitowoc rivers; Potawatomi nations of the waters of the Illinois, Milwaukee, and Manitowoc rivers · with 22 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
87September 29, 1817 Chippewa; Delaware; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Seneka; Shawnee; Wyandot · with 36 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
88September 29, 1817 Chippewa; Delaware; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Seneka; Shawnee; Wyandot · with 36 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
111September 24, 1819 Chippewa · with 21 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
112June 16, 1820 Chippewa · with 21 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
113July 6, 1820 Chippewa; Ottawa · with 22 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
117August 29, 1821 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
188August 29, 1821; October 27, 1832; September 27, 1833 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
134August 11, 1827 Chippewa; Menomini; Winnebago · with 23 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
189September 19, 1827; September 27, 1833 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
148July 29, 1829 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
190October 27, 1832; September 27, 1833 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
187September 26, 1833 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
265September 26, 1833; June 5, 1846 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
205March 28, 1836 Chippewa; Ottawa · with 22 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
206March 28, 1836 Chippewa; Ottawa · with 22 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
207March 28, 1836 Chippewa; Ottawa · with 22 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
242July 29, 1837 Chippewa · with 21 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
261October 4, 1842 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
266June 5, 1846 Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi · with 29 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
268August 2, 1847 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
269August 21, 1847 Chippewa (Pillager band) · with Leech Lake Band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota Royce’s schedule · treaty text
332September 30, 1854 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
333September 30, 1854 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
334September 30, 1854 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
335September 30, 1854; September 17, 1859 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
336September 30, 1854 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
337September 30, 1854; March 1, 1873 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
338September 30, 1854; November 21, 1889 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
339September 30, 1854; October 24, 1889 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
340September 30, 1854; September 25, 1855 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
341September 30, 1854; February 21, 1856 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
342September 30, 1854; February 21, 1856 Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior · with 7 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
357February 22, 1855 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
358February 22, 1855 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
359February 22, 1855 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
360February 22, 1855 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
453February 22, 1855; May 7, 1864 Chippewa (Winnibigoshish); Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
454February 22, 1855; May 7, 1864; October 5, 1889 Chippewa (Winnibigoshish); Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
455February 22, 1855; May 7, 1864 Chippewa (Winnibigoshish); Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations
456February 22, 1855; May 7, 1864 Chippewa (Winnibigoshish); Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
457February 22, 1855; May 7, 1864 Chippewa (Winnibigoshish); Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
445October 2, 1863 Chippewa (Red Lake and Pembina bands) · with 3 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
446October 2, 1863 Chippewa (Red Lake and Pembina bands) · with 3 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
507March 19, 1867 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
508March 19, 1867 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
509March 19, 1867 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule · treaty text
542March 3, 1873 Chippewa (Pembina band) · with 3 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
549October 29, 1873 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
550November 4, 1873 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
567May 26, 1874 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
568May 26, 1874 Chippewa of the Mississippi · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
706July 8, 1889 Chippewa of Minnesota · with 3 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
707July 8, 1889 Chippewa (Red Lake and Pembina bands) · with 3 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
708July 29, 1889 Mississippi Chippewa of White Earth reservation · with Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota Royce’s schedule
709July 29, 1889 Mississippi Chippewa of White Earth reservation · with Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota Royce’s schedule
710August 21, 1889; September 6, 1889 Mississippi Chippewa, White Oak band; Pillager; Winnibagoshish · with 2 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule
719November 21, 1892 Chippewa · with 21 other present-day nations Royce’s schedule

Lands proven before the Indian Claims Commission

Areas on the Commission’s 1978 map that this nation, or nations it is part of, proved they held when the United States took them:

Trails across these lands

Maps on Native Routes that cover these lands

Cession areas: “Tribal Lands Ceded to the United States” (USDA Forest Service, National NAGPRA Program, EPA and Claudio Saunt, 2018; CC BY 4.0), digitized from Charles C. Royce, Indian Land Cessions in the United States (1899). Outlines simplified to about 1 km. Part of Project Homeland v0.5.2 — how it was made.