Map of the Former Territorial Limits of the Cherokee “Nation of” Indians, exhibiting the boundaries of the various cessions (Royce, 1884)
Charles C. Royce’s map of the former territorial limits of the Cherokee Nation, plate VIII of the Bureau of Ethnology’s Fifth Annual Report (dated 1884, published 1887): the country from the Ohio River to central Alabama and Georgia and from the lower Tennessee to the Carolina piedmont, on a base of the towns, rivers and graticule of the 1880s, coloured and numbered to show each tract the Cherokee (Aniyvwiya) ceded to the colonies and to the United States, from the treaty of 1721 with South Carolina to the treaty of New Echota in 1835. Over it Royce letters the old Cherokee and Creek towns and villages, the forts and stations of the frontier, and several old routes: the Great Indian War Path down the valley of East Tennessee, the Old Indian Path between Coosa and Tugeloo across north Georgia, the Old Creek Path west from Rome, the High Tower Path, the Old Cherokee Path to Virginia, the Old Cherokee Trading Path by Ninety Six to the Congarees, the Cherokee Traders’ Path to Yorkville, the Old Path from Tugaloo to Fort Charlotte and the Old Trading Path to the Catawba and Cherokee Nations from Virginia. The title and the numbered table of treaties are not shown. The site’s cessions layer is drawn from Royce’s cession areas; this overlay is the map itself.
Source
| Map | Map of the former territorial limits of the Cherokee "Nation of" Indians ; Map showing the territory originally assigned Cherokee "Nation of" Indians |
|---|---|
| Author | Charles C. Royce (Bureau of Ethnology), 1884 |
| Archive | Library of Congress |
| Rights | Public domain. Published by the Bureau of Ethnology in its Fifth Annual Report (dated 1884, issued 1887) — a U.S. federal government work, and published before 1931, so public domain in the United States. Evidence |
| Accuracy | About 12 km (RMS 4.2 km at 60 control points). Placed by hand in a map-queue session and approved by a person. If something sits in the wrong place, members can fix it with Fix placement on the map. |
| Method | Placed by hand: a second-order polynomial fit to 60 places read from the scan — ten crossings of the sheet’s own 2° graticule (west from Greenwich) and fifty towns — matched to their positions today. Leave-one-out error is 3.4 km at the median and 4.7 km RMS; nine of the ten graticule crossings fit within 1–4 km (81° W, 35° N, 8.5 km), and the worst towns are Charleston (W. Va.), Morganton and Abingdon at 10–11 km, where Royce’s base draws them a little out of place. Royce draws the old routes as generalized dotted lines on this small-scale base, so read them as corridors a few kilometres wide. See the methodology. |
| Version | 1.0.0, updated 2026-10-16 |
| Covers | Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Kentucky, Virginia |
Downloads
- Google Earth overlay (KMZ) — free (5.3 MB)
- GeoTIFF, tinted trails, EPSG:4326 (8000 × 5433; QGIS, ArcGIS) — free (20 MB)
- Print sheet over today’s map (3600 × 2200 PNG) — free (4.2 MB)
Project Homeland
This map is open for tracing into Project Homeland, one map of the trail network melded from every traced source. Members trace a trail by clicking along it: Trace a trail on the map.
Changelog
- 1.0.0 (2026-10-16): First release: placed by hand at 60 places. From the Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division (99446145); added for Project Homeland.
Credits
- From the Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division (99446145); added for Project Homeland
- Georeferencing: Native Routes
- Scan: Library of Congress
Control points
The full list of control points with residuals is in control-points.geojson. Historic names indexed for search: names.geojson.
Something on this map sits in the wrong place? Members can show where with Fix placement on the map — confirmed fixes are tested against the map’s other control points each night and credited here. For anything else, report a problem.
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